The risks involved in the various welding processes can be broadly classified under the following headings:-

Electric shock

Burns

Fumes

Radiations from the arc

Slag removal

Fig.1

Electric Shock	Certain working conditions increase the risk of electric shock, confined spaces such as small tanks and boilers which may be damp and warm, also where the operator has to stand on the work itself. A secure welding return clamp is also important to avoid electric shock and damage to other portable electrical tools.
Burns	Leather aprons, gauntlets, spats, overalls, boots, skull caps, welding screens and filters are available to prevent burns from welding and cutting to the operator. Oxy-fuel equipment demands special safety precautions.
Fumes	Adequate ventilation must always be provided in enclosed buildings, fume extraction equipment may be necessary when using gas shielded processes, welding in enclosed spaces, welding of galvanised metals etc.
Radiation From The Arc	Exposure to the arc can cause severe burns and the condition known as "arc-eye". Welding filters are numbered depending on the current and voltages used. (BS 679.) Anybody in the immediate vicinity of welding must also be adequately screened from the radiation of the arc.
Slag Removal	Chipping hammers, and safety goggles approved in accordance with the requirements of BS 1524; BS 2092, must always be used in the removal of welding slag. Slag should be allowed to cool before removal, as this will not only improve the mechanical properties of the weld but will decrease the chance of hot slag burning any clothing or materials.

Fig. Testing cylinders for leaks